Dendrites: Short cytoplasmic extensions, often of the neuronal cell body or peripheral ends of some sensory neruons. They receive information from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit it to the neuronal cell body.

Neuronal Cell Body: Contains the cell nucleus and organelles.

Axon Hillock: The area where the axon leaves the neuronal cell body.

Axon: Single long cell process process extending from the cell body. Axons of sensory neurons conduct action potentials towards the CNS; axons of motor neurons conduct action potentials away from the CNS.

Schwann Cell: Principal Glial cells of the PNS. Support the axon and form myelin to insulate the axon and increase rate of action potential transmission. 

Node of Renvier: Gap in the Schwann cells. Essential for action potential propagation in CNS and PNS.

Collateral Axon: Branch of the main axon.